Deflections Matter

When measuring a successful defensive team, most people will look to common stats such as turnovers forced, blocked shots, defensive FG%, and opponents PPG.  However, there is one "unofficial" statistic that may prove more beneficial than any of those.  

DEFLECTIONS.

Coaches will have various definitions of what a deflection is.  Some will claim it is only when a player misdirects a pass by getting a hand on the ball and others will tell you that charges and shot-clock violations count as deflections too.  No matter what your definition of a deflection is, there is no doubt that it is a valuable statistic to track.  

Every good defensive team plays with energy and aggressiveness, and deflections are a sure way to tell if your team is carrying that passion.  Deflections will help you understand how active your team is defensively and whether or not they are applying appropriate pressure.  It has been said that 40 deflections per game is the benchmark for most teams looking to secure a win.  Obviously, you as a coach will need to find an appropriate number that works for your style of defense at your level.  Active feet and active hands will dictate the intensity of your defense and will ultimately lead to deflections which have been proven necessary to win on a consistent basis. 

“Deflections tells you how much energy you’re playing with and how active your hands are. If you lack deflections, then you’re probably not being a very aggressive team and you probably don’t have very active hands.”

— Eric Musselman; University of Nevada Head Coach

Your players are giving a lot of effort whether you think so or not, and telling them to play harder on defense isn't always the answer.  Deflections are a tangible goal that your players can strive for.  This  allows them to feel more in control of the circumstances than when you give the vague answer of, "play harder!"  

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Here are some drill ideas that we have used to emphasize the importance of deflections in our program:

QUICK HANDS 3 v 1

For this drill you will split your team into groups of four.   1, 2, & 3 will stand approximately 8 feet apart and pass the ball around in the triangle.  x1 will work to get as many deflections as he can.  x1 will be "in the middle" for a 30 second round and then a new player will rotate into the middle.   Each individual will keep track of his own points as follows: 1 point = deflection; 2 points = clean steal; -1 point = offensive player turns it over; 2 points = dive on the floor for a loose ball (we add this later on to make deflections "live loose balls").

Points of Emphasis: Offense must "catch and peek" and make strong rip throughs and passes.  Pass fakes are encouraged.  Defender must stay in a good stance and have active hands.  He should be applying "voice pressure" the entire time he is in the drill.

QUICK HANDS 4 v 2

This drill is similar to Quick Hands 3 v 1, but it adds an element of "team" and creates more energy.  You will have your players select a partner and then place them in groups of six (three teams of 2 players in each group).  The drill will proceed the same way as  3 v 1, except now you are competing as teams and your points count for both players.  The team with the most points wins.

Points of Emphasis: Offense (see above).  Defense must adhere to same emphasis as 3 v 1 and must work together as a team.  Constant communication should be encouraged between teammates.  

Protect the Paint!

In the article, Factors to Successful Pack Line Defense, I briefly wrote about characteristics that make our Pack Line defense successful for our program at Bob Jones University.  I would like to take each of those factors and go more in depth with them.

PRESSURE THE BALL!

Contrary to what many believe, pack line defense is an intense & high pressure strategy when executed correctly.  The tone we set in our half court defense begins and ends with the type of pressure we place on the ball handler.  

1. Hand-On - When teaching on-ball pressure to our team we often use the term "hand-on," referring to the distance between the defender and the ball handler.  We stress the importance of making an offensive player uncomfortable handling the ball while invading his bubble.
2. Voice Pressure - To apply pressure at the highest level while establishing a factor of intimidation, we urge our players to deploy voice pressure.  Not only does this increase the level of intensity, but it deters a ball handler from performing at his peak level.
3. Jump Up, Jump Back - We use this terminology when analyzing the options of the offensive player.  Anytime a ball handler picks up his dribble or brings the ball above his head, we will "jump up" or "wall up" by decreasing the amount of space between the two players.  Our hands will be high and we will not let them make an easy pass.  Anytime a ball handler brings the ball low and threatens to drive we "jump back."  When jumping back, we always keep a hand-on the ball and we keep our legs loaded, ready to move.  In both techniques, it is crucial to have active hands and feet.

EXPLODING TO GAPS

As off-ball defenders, one pass away, we will be in the gaps.  The purpose of the gap defender is to build a wall and give his teammate that is pressuring the ball, the trust and confidence he needs to do his job,  

1. Build a Wall - If you are the offensive player thinking about driving, you should see two defenders on either side of the man guarding you.  The purpose of the wall is to crush any hopes and dreams that the ball handler may have of driving past his man.  If he somehow gets past his man, the gap defenders are right there to shut it down.
2. Explode to Pack - Many times after our man has the ball and passes it away, players tend to ease up and think their job is finished.  False!  In fact, it has just begun. An immediate instinct that needs to take place is to jump to the ball and back into the pack line.  Our goal should be to take away front cuts and discourage the new ball handler from attempting a drive.  
3. Trust & Confidence - We stress the importance of communication in our program and there is no better time to communicate than on the defensive side of the floor.  As a gap defender it is your duty to make sure your teammate knows that you have his back.  A simple and effective way to do this is by calling his name, giving him information, and doing so with an urgent and confident tone of voice (Read N.I.T.E. - Keys to Great Communication).  For example, "Ray! I have your gap left! Pressure the ball, Ray! I'm here in your gap left!"  By communicating in this manner, you are giving your teammate the trust and confidence he needs to pressure the ball to the best of his ability!

OBTAINING LEVERAGE ON CLOSEOUTS

Closeouts may be the most important skill involved in pack line defense.  Because of the gap positioning and the "no paint" philosophy, it can be very easy to leave shooters open.  However, we expect our players to give ultimate effort when closing out on shooters.  As you can see from the next main point (do not get beat outside!) we need to obtain leverage, or get the proper angle when we closeout.

1. Sprint - This one makes sense.  If we need to get out on shooters, you need to sprint!
2. Chop Your Feet - To maintain balance and the ability to defend the drive, we want our last 3-4 steps to be short and choppy.  By doing this we allow our players to breakdown a player that wants to catch and drive right away.
3. Throw Hands Up - This is something that many players do not do for some reason.  It is essential that we throw our hands up at the last second to alter a shooter's focus and make him second guess his shot.
4. Voice Pressure - As in on-ball defense, we want to closeout with voice pressure.  Science has proven that loud noises will ruin a person's focus.
5. Gain Leverage - We do not want to ever get beat outside, so it is essential that we closeout with our feet and body positioned in a way that will allow us to level off players on the drive (see next point).

DO NOT GET BEAT OUTSIDE!

Every day we work on "leveling off" the ball handler.  Is is not wise to tell your players to "force middle" when playing pack line.  Just because we don't want to get beat outside doesn't mean we are forcing middle.  Instead, it means we need to level off the ball handler to an area on the floor that we want them to go.

1. Level Off - When a ball handler tries to beat us on a drive to the outside (sideline or baseline) we need to push them to a point on the floor.  On drives from the wing we practice forcing the ball handler to the corner of the floor.  On baseline drives from the corner we plant our foot on the baseline, no closer to the basket than the short corner area.  The ball handler's only option should be to make a move back to the middle where our gap help is, or to pick up his dribble.
2. Just Do It! - A lot of people ask, "Well what do you do if you do get beat?  How do you rotate?" That is the million dollar question, but the simple answer that we need to ingrain in our players minds is DON'T GET BEAT! LEVEL THEM OFF! JUST DO IT!

Eliminating Baskets in Defensive Transition

In the article, Factors to Successful Pack Line Defense, I briefly wrote about three characteristics that make our Pack Line defense successful for our program at Bob Jones University.  I would like to take each of those factors and go more in depth with them.

TRANSITION DEFENSE

Our transition defense always begins when we take a shot or turn the ball over on offense.  On the shot, it is our practice to aggressively send THREE offensive players to the glass, while our 1 & 2 guards GET BACK.  Obviously, if we get the offensive rebound we will continue to execute our offense.  However, if we do not secure the ball we will need to immediately get back in transition and stop the ball.  In a turnover scenario, everyone will just immediately get back.  In order to successfully accomplish this, we will need each one of our players to perform their role at a high level.  Note: each of these role descriptions should be performed with the three MUST-DO'S at the end of this article.

Roles Defined

It is the duty of the point guard to initially STOP THE BALL!  He is the first line of defense and his role is crucial in eliminating easy baskets in transition.  His job is to engage the ball handler by the time he reaches half court. He needs to slow down the ball handler, eliminating any passes up the sideline.  He will do this by attempting to turn the opposing player 2-3 times.  By doing this, our point guard is limiting the ball handlers options to either retreating or making an ill-advised cross court pass. 

Our 2 guard is SPRINTING immediately to the paint.  His primary responsibility is to eliminate anything that comes near the rim.  Whether it is by dribble penetration, a pass ahead, or a post feed, it is this players responsibility to take away any baskets in the paint.  He will perform this role until his teammates get back in position at which point he will closeout to the perimeter player.  

The other three players need to GET BACK as quickly as possible by SPRINTING.  A tendency of many inexperienced players is to be content in "buddy running," which basically means they run even with the player they are guarding.  To be successful in transition, this can't happen!  We need our post players to recover to the paint to relieve our 2 guard of his duties.  They will then need to fulfill the responsibility of protecting the rim.  The last guy back will need to sprint to the weak side of the floor and eliminate any ball reversal that takes place.

After successfully eliminating the primary break many teams will ease up.  Great teams understand that their job, however, is never done and the real fun now begins!  Players will now need to instinctively go from a "transition" mindset to a "half court" mindset.  This is the time that our defense can now make a statement.  

Championship Habits in Transition

Realistically, many teams perform their roles that are listed above, but still find ways to give up easy baskets in transition.  Why?  Because they do not perform the minor details that great teams demonstrate.  These following habits are MUST-DO'S for any team that wants to become great in defensive transition:

1. Proper Floor Balance - When each player performs their role correctly, proper floor balance comes naturally.  However, there are still times when one or two players will run to the wrong area, leaving an opposing player wide open.  Great teams make it second nature to be in the correct place to keep the defense balanced.
2. Exceptional Effort - Effort is 100% controllable by each member of your team.  If anyone lacks desire to sprint or communicate properly, one would have to question why that player is in the game.  Players will NEVER (yes, that's an absolute) be able to to perform their roles to the best of their ability without exceptional effort.  Transition defense is something to take pride in at all times.
3. Clear and Precise Communication - Verbal and non-verbal communication is crucial to successful transition defense.  Not only should each player be verbally talking through what their role is, but they should also be non-verbally giving their teammates cues about where to go and who to pick up. 

All three of those MUST-DO'S go hand in hand and will only be successful if they are habitually ingrained in your player's minds.  

Factors to Successful Pack Line Defense

There are many factors that go into playing great pack line defense, but there are three in particular that are of the utmost importance and need to be stressed.  

ELIMINATE EASY TRANSITION BASKETS

We feel very confident in our ability to defend.  We need to make certain that we force our opponents to play vs. our pack line defense in the half court.  Ways we can achieve this are:

1. Offensive rebound with 3 players and send 2 back to defend the initial break.
2. On turnovers, every player needs to SPRINT back and recover.
3. Communication.  We need to use both our VOICES and SIGNALS to let each other know what we are doing (use NITE).
4. Build a wall and always STOP THE BALL first.
5. Do not allow passes ahead and do not allow post touches in transition.

I heard a statistic one time (I can't remember where) that 95% of defensive transition mistakes are because of either 1. Poor Floor Balance, 2. Poor Effort, or 3. Poor Communication.

PROTECT THE PAINT

Paint touches are the #1 killer of any pack line defense.  As an offense, we thrive on attacking the paint, so we understand the importance of protecting the paint from a defensive perspective.  Ways we can consistently protect the paint are:

1. Never give up a baseline drive.  In pack line, there is NO help on the baseline.  We need to make every effort to eliminate the baseline from our opponent.
2. Pressure the ball handler.  We want to apply as much ball pressure as we can without getting beat.  This will be different for every player and team, but we need to communicate this in our scouting reports.  
3. Level off the ball handler on drives.  Never let your opponent attack the rim in a straight line.
4. Build a wall in the gaps.  The ball handler should never see the light if he is thinking about getting into the paint.
5. Closeout on shooters.  Know your personnel and closeout at the right distance.  Every offensive player is told to "attack the closeout," so we need to make sure we don't allow opponents to get past us.  We have three types of closeouts that we do depending on the skill set of the offensive player.  

CRASH THE GLASS

Lastly, we cannot give up 2nd chance opportunities.  When we play defense we need to make sure we secure every loose ball that comes off the rim.  Here are a couple ways to make this happen:

1. All FIVE guys need to properly box out and crash the glass.  Be aggressive and have the mindset of getting every ball.
2. Be in proper gap/help positions.  If we are always in position to defend, we will always be in position to box out and rebound.  

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Obviously, there is a lot more that goes into the pack line defense than these factors.  However, I firmly believe that if we can execute and perform the basics, we will be laying a solid foundation to build on.  As with anything coaching related, I am always learning and seeking out wisdom from other coaches in this area.  Many of these principles I have talked about stem from the knowledge of guys like Jim Boone, Tony Bennett, Richie McKay, and Sean Miller.  There are so many great pack line coaches out there, so I would encourage you to seek these guys out.  If you have any questions regarding our pack line defense that we run, please don't hesitate to contact me!  Good luck as you implement this tremendous defense into your program!